What is the difference between monocrystalline solar panels and polycrystalline solar panels?

Monocrystalline silicon solar cells are mainly made of monocrystalline silicon. Compared with other types of solar cells, monocrystalline silicon cells have the highest conversion power. In the early days, monocrystalline silicon solar cells occupied most of the market share.
Due to the shortage of polysilicon materials in recent years, after 2004, the market share of mono solar panel has increased slightly, and now most of the batteries seen in the market are monocrystalline silicon. The silicon crystal of monocrystalline silicon solar cells is very perfect, and its optical, electrical and mechanical properties are very uniform. The color of the cells is mostly black or dark, which is especially suitable for cutting into small pieces to make small consumer products. The conversion power of monocrystalline silicon cells completed in the laboratory is 24.7%. The conversion power of general commercialization is 10%-18%.

Due to the manufacturing process problems of monocrystalline silicon solar cells, the semi-finished silicon ingots are generally cylindrical, and then cut through slicing->cleaning->diffusion junction->removing the back electrode->making electrodes->corroding the periphery->evaporating deposition. Reflective film and other industrial cores are made into finished products. Generally, the four corners of monocrystalline silicon solar cells are rounded. The thickness of monocrystalline silicon solar cells is generally 200uM-350uM thick, and the current production trend is to develop towards ultra-thin and high-efficiency.
In the manufacture of polycrystalline silicon solar cells, the high-purity silicon as the raw material is not purified into single crystals, but melted and cast into square silicon ingots, and then processed into thin slices and similar processing as single crystal silicon. Polycrystalline silicon can be easily identified from its appearance. A silicon wafer is composed of many crystalline regions of different sizes (with crystals on the surface). The photoelectric conversion at the grain interface is easily disturbed, so the conversion efficiency of polysilicon is relatively low. At the same time, the consistency of optical, electrical and mechanical properties of polysilicon is not as good as that of monocrystalline silicon solar cells.

The maximum power of the polycrystalline silicon solar cell laboratory reaches 20.3%, and the commercialized one is generally 10%-16%. The polycrystalline silicon solar cell is a square piece, which has the highest filling rate when manufacturing solar modules, and the products are relatively beautiful. The thickness of polycrystalline silicon solar cells is generally 220uM-300uM thick, and some manufacturers have produced solar cells with a thickness of 180uM, and they are developing towards thinness to save precious silicon materials.
A multi-chip is a right-angled square or rectangle. The four corners of a single crystal are chamfered close to a circle. A single crystal with a money-shaped hole in the center of a component is a single crystal, which can be seen at a glance. solar panel