How are solar cells produced?

Structure and manufacturing method of solar power cell
The basic building block of all photovoltaic modules is a solar power cell, which is an object with a size of approximately 6in×6in (15.24cm×15.24cm). At the beginning of its life, it is sand (actually silicon), and then the photovoltaic module The internal wires are connected to generate voltage and current. The produced solar power cell can excite the electrons in the cell by photons under sunlight. If the components are connected to a circuit, they can do hard work, such as turning a fan or making a refrigerator.
　　1, solar power cells are mixed to produce semiconductors
　　After the solar cell is manufactured, it becomes a semiconductor, which is a material that can function as both an electrical conductor and an insulator. Solar cells have the ability to conduct electricity when exposed to sunlight and can pass current. However, silicon-which is the main component of solar power cells-is inherently more insulating than the point of performance. The insulator will curb the flow of electrons. This is not the desired performance of solar power cells. In order for electrons to flow (and thus become a conductor), the battery needs to be doped during the manufacturing process, and two elements are usually used in the doping process: boron and phosphorus.
　　Different from sports, participation in solar cell manufacturing is an acceptable and particularly encouraged activity. Because silicon in its natural state is not easy to generate current, and adding impurities can make current flow. Generally, boron is incorporated in the first stage of battery manufacturing, and phosphorus is incorporated into silicon in the form of vapor diffusion directly into the finished battery.
"Adding these dopants can increase the electrons and holes on each side of the solar cell. Phosphorus atoms have extra electrons, while boron atoms have extra holes waiting for electrons to fill. The side doped with phosphorus is called the N zone, which is the positive side of the battery (this side faces the sun): the boron-doped side becomes the P zone, which is the negative side (this side faces away from the sun).

　　2, use PN junction to establish a one-way electronic path
　　When sunlight shines on the phosphorus-doped side (N interval) of a solar power cell, the cell's electrons are excited. They are eager to move, and if there is a proper channel, they are happy to go to the boron-doped side (P-type region) of the battery.
　　In this path involves the junction between the positive and negative sides of the battery. The function of this negative junction (PN junction) is similar to that of a diode. It allows electrons to move from the positive side (bottom) of the battery to the negative side (upper), but not in the opposite direction. This means that electrons pass through the circuit from the negative side of the battery to the positive side of the battery. As more and more electrons move from the negative side to the positive side, the electrons on the positive side will break through the PN junction and reach the negative side of the battery. This process will continue as long as there is sunlight. The PN junction will ensure that electrons move through the circuit.

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